| The Bustan al-Ukul, by Nathanael ibn al-Fayyumi, edited and translated by David Levine, Columbia University Oriental Studies Vol | |
|---|---|
| Kafih Jerusalem, 1984 , ch |
Seeing Islam as others saw it: a survey and evaluation of Christian, Jewish, Robert G.
3| Lapidus 2002 , pp 0 | however, there is no relevant archaeological, epigraphic, or numismatic evidence dating from the time of Muhammad, nor are there any references to him in non-Muslim sources dating from the period before 632 |
|---|---|
| Peter Teed 1992 , p |
597, which notes that many of the details surrounding Muhammad's life as given in the biographies, are "problematic in certain respects, the most important of which is that they represent a tradition of living narrative that is likely to have developed orally for a considerable period before it was given even a relatively fixed written form.
13