Having low expectancies means the individual believes it is unlikely that his or her behavior will result in reinforcement | בשנת הוסיף האתר עמוד מבזקי חדשות מישראל בשפה האנגלית, מאתרים בישראל ומחוץ לה |
---|---|
As with expectancy, reinforcement value is subjective, meaning that the same event or experience can vastly differ in desirability, depending on the individual's life experience | Or, in other words, the likelihood of a person's exhibiting a particular behavior is a function of the probability that that behavior will lead to a given outcome and the desirability of that outcome |
Expectancy is the subjective probability that a given behavior will lead to a particular outcome, or reinforcer.
29Lastly, reinforcement value problems can lead to pathology | If people achieve an outcome that equals or exceeds their minimal goal, they will feel that they have succeeded |
---|---|
The law of effect states that people are motivated to seek out positive stimulation, or reinforcement, and to avoid unpleasant stimulation | Although the psychological situation does not figure directly into Rotter's formula for predicting behavior, Rotter believes it is always important to keep in mind that different people interpret the same situation differently |
After graduation, Rotter attended the University of Iowa, where he took classes with Kurt Lewin.
18Rotter has been cited as one of the 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century | Development and evaluation of a controlled method |
---|---|
There may be no relationship whatsoever between the person's subjective assessment of how likely a reinforcement will be and the actual, objective probability of the reinforcer's occurring | Rotter is very opposed to the medical model conception of mental disorders as being diseases or illnesses |
NMR expectancies represent beliefs people have about their ability to control the unpleasant moods they experience.