معلومات عن النبي محمد. الصلاة على النبي

Hitti, History of the Arabs, 10th edition 1970 , p
El-Cheikh, Nadia Maria Byzantium Viewed by the Arabs 2004, Harvard University Press p

محمد

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معلومات عن القرآن المكي والمدني
Seeing Islam as others saw it: a survey and evaluation of Christian, Jewish, Robert G
معلومات عن القرآن المكي والمدني
however, there is no relevant archaeological, epigraphic, or numismatic evidence dating from the time of Muhammad, nor are there any references to him in non-Muslim sources dating from the period before 632
معلومات عن القرآن المكي والمدني
597, which notes that many of the details surrounding Muhammad's life as given in the biographies, are "problematic in certain respects, the most important of which is that they represent a tradition of living narrative that is likely to have developed orally for a considerable period before it was given even a relatively fixed written form
Kafih Jerusalem, 1984 , ch
Denis Gril, Miracles, , Brill, 2007 sources are not contemporaneous with the events they purport to relate and sometimes were written many centuries later

معلومات عن القرآن المكي والمدني

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محمد
الصلاة على النبي
The Bustan al-Ukul, by Nathanael ibn al-Fayyumi, edited and translated by David Levine, Columbia University Oriental Studies Vol
معلومات عن القرآن المكي والمدني
See, for example, Bowersock, Glen Warren, Peter Robert Lamont Brown and Oleg Grabar Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World 1999, Harvard University Press p