| sources are not contemporaneous with the events they purport to relate and sometimes were written many centuries later | |
|---|---|
| See, for example, Bowersock, Glen Warren, Peter Robert Lamont Brown and Oleg Grabar Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World 1999, Harvard University Press p | 597, which notes that many of the details surrounding Muhammad's life as given in the biographies, are "problematic in certain respects, the most important of which is that they represent a tradition of living narrative that is likely to have developed orally for a considerable period before it was given even a relatively fixed written form |
Denis Gril, Miracles, , Brill, 2007.
| The Bustan al-Ukul, by Nathanael ibn al-Fayyumi, edited and translated by David Levine, Columbia University Oriental Studies Vol | Denis Gril, Miracles, , Brill, 2007 |
sources are not contemporaneous with the events they purport to relate and sometimes were written many centuries later.
17| Seeing Islam as others saw it: a survey and evaluation of Christian, Jewish, Robert G | Kafih Jerusalem, 1984 , ch |
|---|---|
| Hitti, History of the Arabs, 10th edition 1970 , p | however, there is no relevant archaeological, epigraphic, or numismatic evidence dating from the time of Muhammad, nor are there any references to him in non-Muslim sources dating from the period before 632 |