| Neugebauer, Otto; Van Hoesen, H | "The origin of the symbols of the planets" |
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| The new Moon at sunset and the old Moon at sunrise, when observed with horns pointing upward, is also known as "wet moon" in English, in an expression loaned from Hawaiian culture | Geller, Sumerian Gods and Their Representations, Styx, 1997, p71 |
Florence, Italy: Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza Institute and Museum of the History of Science.
| Prior to its association with Islam, a crescent badge had already been used in the US military for the rank of commissary sergeant Emerson 1996:261f | "The origin of the symbols of the planets" |
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| "the three celestial emblems, the sun disk of Shamash Utu to the Sumerians , the crescent of Sin Nanna , and the star of Ishtar Inanna to the Sumerians " | On December 14, 1992, the Army Chief of Chaplains requested that an insignia be created for future Muslim chaplains, and the design a crescent was completed January 8, 1993 |